Glucose metabolism is measured using the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), among other methods. This examines the body's ability to absorb a given amount of glucose
Glucose clamp technique is a method used in diabetes research to determine insulin secretion and insulin resistance
BOD POD system, which determines body density based on air displacement in conjunction with body weight. From this, body fat mass and fat-free mass can be calculated
Indirect calorimetry for determination of Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) using a canopy hood
Whole-body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for precise measurement of body composition and differentiated detection of organ and tissue volumes
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique for detecting changes in blood flow in the human brain
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), a non-invasive body composition procedure that provides data such as fat mass, fat-free mass, and intracellular and extracellular water
Spiroergometry to determine physical performance, i.e., how maximum oxygen uptake changes with increasing ergometric load
Anthropometric parameters such as height, body weight, circumferences such as waist circumference, hip circumference, upper arm circumference, or skin fold thickness to determine the Body Mass Index = BMI (kg/m²)